Does Oral Hygiene Influence Salivary pH, Lactate, and IL-1β of Basketball Players During Intense Exercise? / La Higiene Oral Influye en el pH Salival, el Lactato y la IL-1β de los Jugadores de Baloncesto Durante el Ejercicio Intenso?

ABSTRACT: This study examined the salivary pH, salivary lactate, and salivary IL-1 β responses from a high-intensity intermittent running test, and the influence of hygiene oral status on these biomarkers in elite adolescent basketball players. Forty-six adolescent players participated. Saliva sampling was taken before and 3 min after a high-intensity exercise (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; Yo-Yo IR1). In order to quantify and classify the oral hygiene level, the athletes were submitted to a dental examination, and an adapted Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was applied. After the dental examination, the whole group was divided into good oral hygiene group (GHG) and poor oral hygiene group (PHG). The results of a two- way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effect (P = 0.0003), group effect (P < 0.0001), and time effect (pre to post Yo-yo IR1; P < 0.0001) for salivary pH and for salivary lactate (interaction effect, P = 0.008; group effect, P < 0.000 1; time effect, P < 0.0001) with a lower salivary pH and a higher salivary lactate at pre and post-Yo-Yo IR1 for PHG, but no difference was observed for IL-1β. The data demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise led to a significant change in salivary pH and salivary lactate concentration of the basketball players, and that the oral hygiene status influenced these responses, with a greater change for those players showing a poor oral hygiene.

RESUMEN: Este estudio examinó las respuestas de pH salival, lactato salival e IL-1β salival de una prueba de carrera intermitente de alta intensidad, y la influencia del estado de higiene oral en los biomarcadores en jugadores adolescentes de baloncesto de élite. En el análisis participaron 46 jugadores adolescentes. Se tomó una muestra de saliva antes y 3 minutos después de un ejercicio de alta intensidad (Prueba de recuperación intermitente Yo-Yo Nivel 1; Yo-Yo IR1). Para cuantificar y clasificar el nivel de higiene oral, los atletas fueron sometidos a un examen dental y se aplicó un índice adaptado de higiene oral simplificado. Después del examen dental, el grupo se dividió en un grupo de buena higiene oral (GHG) y un grupo de mala higiene oral (PHG). Los resultados de un análisis de varianza mostraron un efecto de interacción significativo (P = 0.0003), efecto de grupo (P<0.0001) y efecto de tiempo (antes y después de Yo-yo IR1; P <0.0001) para el pH salival y para lactato salival (efecto de interacción, P = 0.008; efecto de grupo, P <0.0001; efecto de tiempo, P <0.0001) con pH salival más bajo y lactato salival más alto en IR1 pre y post YoY para PHG, pero no se observó una diferencia para IL-1β. Los datos demostraron que el ejercicio de alta intensidad genera un cambio significativo en el pH salival y el lactato de los jugadores de baloncesto, y que el estado de higiene oral influyó en estas respuestas, con un cambio mayor para aquellos jugadores que mostraron una mala higiene oral.

Use of panoramic dental radiography for talent identification and development in youth soccer: a pilot case / Uso de la radiografía panorámica para la identificación de talentos y el desarrollo en el fútbol juvenil: caso piloto

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of using panoramic X-ray as an auxiliary tool for the identification of talent in young athletes using the physical body growth indicator. Thirty three radiographs were used of athletes aged 13 to 15 years. Analysis was performed using the Eklof and Ringertz method. Dental age (40 %) came the closest to chronological age. Dental age determined in this study proved to be the most effective radiographic method for the determination of bone maturity for use in the identification of talent through imaging exams. This method was also the simplest and can be performed by the dentist of a sports club without exposing athletes to unnecessary radiation.

El objetivo del estudio consistió en determinar la posibilidad de usar radiografía panorámica como herramienta auxiliar para la identificación de talentos en los atletas usando el indicador de crecimiento del cuerpo físico. Fueron utilizadas 33 radiografías de atletas, de entre 13 a 15 años. Se realizó un análisis de la aplicación utilizando el método de Eklof y Ringertz. Se encontró que la edad dentaria (40 %) se aproximó a la edad cronológica. La edad dental utilizada en este estudio demostró ser el método radiográfico más efectivo para la determinación de la madurez ósea para su uso en la identificación del talento a través de exámenes de imágenes. Este método también fue el más simple y puede ser realizado por el dentista de un club deportivo sin exponer a los atletas a radiaciones innecesarias.

Quality of Life and Maxillary Defects: A Cross-Sectional Study / Calidad de Vida y Defectos Maxilares: Un Estudio Transversal

ABSTRACT: There has been little discussion about the quality of life of patients with maxillary defects. This article evaluates the issues related to the condition. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with maxillary defects from referral centers in Brazil. To avoid subject burden, a questionnaire was developed, based on questions from seven instruments, which dealt with domains and conclusions that were similar to those from other studies. The predictor variable was the patients' score for each question. The outcome measure was the presence of the best-ranked items on the questionnaire as the impact factor. Six experts assessed these items and suggested which questions to include or exclude. Patients scored each item according to its occurrence and importance. Descriptive statistics and the items' rank according to the impact factor were computed to determine whether there is a comprehensive instrument available. Thirteen patients and six professionals were included in this study. The patients' age ranged from 24 to 72 years (mean (standard deviation, SD), 50.41 (14.46) years). We obtained a 60-item instrument from the selected questionnaires and subject interviews. Only 12 (37.5 %) out of the 32 best-rated items were verified by the existing instruments, two (6.25 %) were suggested by professionals and 18 (56.25 %) were conclusions from other studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide many features related to the quality of life in patients with maxillary defects.

RESUMEN: Existe escasa discusión en la literatura sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes con defectos maxilares. Este artículo evalúa los problemas relacionados con esta condición. Realizamos un estudio transversal de pacientes con defectos maxilares de centros de referencia en Brasil. Se desarrolló un cuestionario basado en preguntas de siete instrumentos, que trataba sobre dominios y conclusiones similares a las de otros estudios. La variable de estimación fue la puntuación de los pacientes para cada pregunta. La medida de resultado fue la presencia de los elementos mejor clasificados en el cuestionario como factor de impacto. Seis expertos evaluaron estos ítems y sugirieron qué preguntas incluir o excluir. Los pacientes puntuaron cada ítem según su ocurrencia e importancia. Se calcularon las estadísticas descriptivas y la clasificación de los ítems según el factor de impacto, para determinar si existe un instrumento completo. Trece pacientes y seis profesionales fueron incluidos en este estudio. La edad de los pacientes osciló entre 24 y 72 años [media (desviación estándar), 50,41 (14,46) años]. Obtuvimos un instrumento de 60 ítems de los cuestionarios y entrevistas de temas seleccionados. Solo 12 (37,5 %) de los 32 ítems mejor calificados se verificaron de acuerdo a los instrumentos existentes, dos (6,25 %) fueron sugeridos por profesionales y 18 (56,25 %) fueron conclusiones de otros estudios. De acuerdo a nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que proporciona características relacionadas con la calidad de vida en pacientes con defectos maxilares.

Sports supplement induces dental structure corrosion: an in vitro pilot study / El suplemento deportivo induce corrosión en la estructura dental: un estudio piloto in vitro

Dietary supplements are being consumed with an increasingly high frequency among sports practitioners, whether at professional and/or amateur level. The supplements contain some nutritional properties in their composition, so they can dissolute the hydroxyapatite crystals of the enamel and favor the process of dental corrosion. The objective was to measure the corrosive power of protein-based supplementation (Whey Protein), under conditions that resemble the use of the supplement by the athletes, increasing the ecological validity of the study. The teeth of the test group (TG) were placed in contact with the Whey protein solution and then exposed to artificial saliva. And the teeth of the control group (CG) were exposed only to artificial saliva. The analysis occurred in natural healthy molar teeth, so that each tooth of the TG was immersed in 50 mL of supplement for 1.5 minutes and then placed in contact with the artificial saliva for 30 seconds. The same procedure was performed 5 times a day for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Each group, in its time (TG0 to TG180), underwent analysis of superficial roughness with the aid of optical profilometer (Talysurf CCI®, 3D model). The control group (CG) did not change its superficial roughness. Half of the teeth of the test group (TG) suffered loss of enamel surface. The values, in micrometers, of surface loss of the TG samples were 1.21; 2.1; 2.0; 1.04; 0.97; 0.8; 0.53; 1.14; 1.9; 2.0; 1.66; 1.80. The dietary supplement (Whey protein®) may be a potential cause of the dental corrosion process, considering the demineralization of hydroxyapatite that occurs along with the surface enamel loss.

Los suplementos dietéticos se consumen con una frecuencia cada vez más alta entre los practicantes de deportes, sea a nivel profesional y / o aficionado. Los suplementos contienen algunas propiedades nutricionales en su composición, por lo que pueden disolver los cristales de hidroxiapatita del esmalte y favorecer el proceso de corrosión dental. El objetivo fue medir el poder corrosivo de la suplementación a base de proteínas (proteína de suero), en condiciones que se asemejan al uso del suplemento por parte de los atletas, aumentando la validez ecológica del estudio. Los dientes del grupo de prueba (TG) se pusieron en contacto con la solución de proteína de suero y luego se expusieron a saliva artificial. Y los dientes del grupo de control (CG) estuvieron expuestos solo a saliva artificial. El análisis se realizó en dientes molares sanos naturales, cada diente del TG se sumergió en 50 ml de suplemento durante 1,5 minutos y luego se puso en contacto con la saliva artificial durante 30 segundos. El mismo procedimiento se realizó 5 veces al día durante 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 y 180 días. Cada grupo, en su momento (TG0 a TG180), se sometió a un análisis de rugosidad superficial con la ayuda de un perfilómetro óptico (Talysurf CCI®, modelo 3D). El grupo de control (CG) no cambió su rugosidad superficial. La mitad de los dientes del grupo de prueba (TG) sufrieron pérdida de la superficie del esmalte. Los valores, en micrómetros, de pérdida de superficie de las muestras de TG fueron 1.21; 2.1; 2,0; 1.04; 0,97; 0.8; 0,53; 1.14; 1.9; 2,0; 1,66; 1.80. El suplemento dietético (Whey protein®) puede ser una causa potencial del proceso de corrosión dental, considerando la desmineralización de la hidroxiapatita que ocurre junto con la pérdida de esmalte superficial.

Proposition of integrated electrical mechanism and facial prosthesis for eyelid motion on prosthetic oculopalpebral rehabilitation: technical note / Proposta de mecanismo elétrico integrado e prótese facial para movimentação da pálpebra na reabilitação protética oculopalpebral: nota técnica

Surgical reconstruction of large facial defects may not be always possible, therefore extraoral maxillofacial prosthesis is a good restorative option. The oculopalpebral prosthesis has a natural appearance however it can be easily noticed because its eyelids do not move. For esthetic purposes, it is desirable that the prosthetic eyelids open and close synchronously with the contralateral eye, which provides a challenge to the prosthetic reconstruction of the oculopalpebral region. To improve the esthetic outcome, an oculopalpebral prosthesis prototype with mechanical and electric features allowing synchronization of the eyelid motion with the sound eye was planned, designed, and built. An oculopalpebral prosthesis was made in thermoactivated acrylic resin. A gap was created to accommodate an electrical system and allow free motion of a thin eyelid made of silicone attached to the appliance. The movable eyelid was made with medical grade silicone (SILASTIC® MDX4-4210) and connected to an electrical and electronic system responsible to command the opening and closing movements. This mechanical and electrical prototype with the system connected to a sensor, successfully captured the eyelid motion of the contralateral sound eye. The proposed mechanical and electrical system attached to an oculopalpebral prosthesis could successfully establish and synchronize the eyelid movements with the sound eye.

A reconstrução cirúrgica de grandes defeitos faciais pode não ser sempre possível, portanto, a prótese bucomaxilofacial extra-oral é uma boa opção restauradora. A prótese oculopalpebral tem uma aparência natural, mas pode ser facilmente notada pois as pálpebras não se movimentam. Para fins estéticos, é desejável que as pálpebras protéticas se abram e se fechem em sincronia com o olho contralateral, o que representa um desafio para a reconstrução protética da região oculopalpebral. Para melhorar o resultado estético, um protótipo de prótese oculopalpebral com características mecânicas e elétricas permitindo a sincronização do movimento da pálpebra com o olho sadio foi planejado, projetado e construído. Uma prótese oculopalpebral foi confeccionada em resina acrílica termoativada. Um nicho foi criada para acomodar umsistema elétrico e permitir o movimento livre de uma pálpebra fina confeccionada em silicone preso ao sistema. A pálpebra móvel foi confeccionada com silicone de grau médico (SILASTIC® MDX4-4210) e conectada a um sistema elétrico e eletrônico responsável por comandar os movimentos de abertura e fechamento. Esteprotótipo mecânico e elétrico com o sistema conectado a um sensor capturou com sucesso o movimento das pálpebras do olho acústico contralateral. O sistema mecânico e elétrico proposto, fixado a uma próteseoculopalpebral, conseguiu estabelecer e sincronizar os movimentos da pálpebra com o olho sadio.

A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the sports mouthguard.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive and tensile stresses on dentin and enamel in five different situations: no mouthguard and mouthguards from 1 mm thickness up to 4 mm thickness, using finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-dimensional geometry of an upper right central incisor was obtained from a computed tomography and transformed into a mesh separating enamel from dentin. A mouthguard was created covering the buccal surface of the enamel in different thicknesses, and a rubber ball with a velocity of 5 m s(-1) was made as the impact object. RESULTS: The maximum principal stress and the minimal principal stress were evaluated in all situations on dentin and enamel. Both maximum and minimal stress on enamel had the greatest value on the control situation (no mouthguard), and their value decreased as the mouthguard thickness increased. The reduction ranged from 66.62% to 85.5% for compressive stress and from 9.76% to 33.37% for tensile stress on enamel. The results for dentin were similar among the situations with or without mouthguards. CONCLUSION: The mouthguard had beneficial effect considering the stresses on enamel, and between the mouthguard thickness of 3 and 4 mm, there was minimum difference.

Reabilitação com oftalmopróteses em dois pacientes com distintas etiologias de perda ocular / Rehabilitation with ophthalmic prosthesis in two patients with different from lost eye etiologies

A tentativa do homem em restaurar aloplasicamente a região bucomaxilofacial mutilada é tão antiga quanto a formação das civilizações, tendo em vista a importância do olho como uma das estruturas mais importantes na individualização e harmonia da face. Na atualidade, algumas entidades públicas promovem atendimentos a pacientes mutilados que necessitam de uma reabilitação por meio de Prótese Bucomaxilofacial (PBMF), sendo a maior procura pelas oftalmopróteses devido ao grande número de traumas nessa região da face. A prótese ocular é importante para reconstruir a estética, embelezar o rosto cuja harmonia está comprometida, promover a sustentação e a tonicidade muscular palpebral, proteger a cavidade anoftálmica, evitar atresias, entre outros. Tal reabilitação faz parte dos cuidados necessários e representa uma conquista de melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes e suas famílias. Neste trabalho, os relatos de dois casos clínicos visam apresentar duas reabilitações com oftalmopróteses individualizadas em pacientes com idades diferentes e etiologia da anoftalmia também distintas que resultaram em estéticas favoráveis. Após a confecção das próteses, foi observado que a reabilitação protética anterior ao desenvolvimento ou agravamento de dificuldades de relações interpessoais tende a melhorar a qualidade de vida, visto que a queixa principal quando inexistente melhora o desenvolvimento psicossocial dos pacientes... (AU)

Man’s attempt to restore so alloplastic the maxillofacialregion is as old as the formation of civilizations. Given the importance of the eye as the most significant structure in the individualization and harmony of the face. Nowadays some public entities promote special care to patients who need a mutilated rehabilitation through Maxillofacial Prosthodontics (MFP), the highest demand is for eye prosthesis due to the large number of injuries in this region of the face. The ocular prosthesis aims to reconstruct the aesthetic, beautify the face whose harmony is committed to promote and support the eyelid muscle tone, protect the anophthalmic socket, avoid closure, among others.Such rehabilitation is part of palliative care and is an achievement of better quality of life for patients and their families. In this study, reports of two cases aim to present two eye prosthesis individualized rehabilitation in patients with different ages and different etiology of anophthalmic also resulted in favorable aesthetic. Thus it can be concluded that the prosthetic rehabilitation prior to the development or worsening of interpersonal difficulties relations tends to improve the quality of life of patients, since the main complaint nonexistent improves psychosocial development of these... (AU)

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of acetic-cure silicone with the addition of magnesium silicate / Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas de silicone de cura acética, com a adição de silicato de magnésio

Current study evaluates the mechanical properties (tensile and tear strength) of an acetic- cure silicone with the addition of 10 or 20% vol. magnesium silicate. Magnesium silicate was added to the silicone at concentrations of 10 (MS-10) and 20% (MS-20) volume, followed by the analysis of tensile strength, maximal elongation during tensile and tear strength. Results were compared to control group of silicone without additives (CG). Mean rates were determined and compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Control group had the greatest elongation when subjected to tensile strength (650%), whereas the MS-10 group statistically showed a better tensile strength (8.8 MPa) when compared to CG (7.5 MPa) and MS -20 (7.5 MPa) groups. Both magnesium silicate groups exhibited statistically similar tear strength, whereas MS-20 group demonstrated statistically greater tear strength. The addition of 10% magnesium silicate increased tensile strength, but tear strength and elongation were similar to control. The addition of 20% magnesium silicate did not affect tensile but increased tear strength.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração e ao rasgamento) de um silicone de cura acética com adição de 10 ou 20% em volume de silicato de magnésio. O silicato de magnésio foi adicionado ao silicone em concentrações de 10 (MS-10) e 20% (MS-20), em volume, avaliado por análise de resistência à tração, deformação máxima em tração e resistência ao rasgamento. Os resultados foram comparados com um grupo de controle sem aditivos de silicone (GC). Os valores médios foram determinados e comparados através de análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). O grupo de controle apresentou o maior alongamento quando submetido à tensão (650%). O grupo MS-10 exibiu estatisticamente melhor resistência à tração (8,8 MPa) em relação ao GC (7,5 MPa) e MS-20 (7,5 MPa) grupos. Ambos os grupos de silicato de magnésio exibiram médias de resistência ao rasgamento estatisticamente semelhantes, enquanto que o grupo de EM-20 demonstrou estatisticamente maior resistência ao rasgamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. A adição de 10% de silicato de magnésio em volume propiciou maiores valores de resistência ao rasgamento e resistência à tração. A adição de 20% de silicato de magnésio não afetou a resistência à tração, mas produziu aumento na resistência ao rasgamento.

Prevalence of caries in Brazilian children with cleft lip andor palate, aged 6 to 36 months

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries in children with cleft lip and∕or palate aged 6-36 months of life. This study was conducted at the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Brazil. A total of 143 children were selected (73 male, 70 female), all of whom had at least two erupted teeth. The children were distributed as follows: 88 had cleft lip and palate, 35 had cleft palate, 20 had cleft lip. Dental caries disease was diagnosed according to criteria set by the World Health Organization. It was observed that 18.9% of the study children had caries. No correlation between prevalence of caries and gender or type of cleft was observed. Mean dmf-t was 0.47. The prevalence of caries was higher in the upper arch, and the most affected tooth was the central incisor (p = 0.001). Children with cleft lip and∕or palate did not have high caries indices.

Prevalence of caries in Brazilian children with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 6 to 36 months.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries in children with cleft lip and∕or palate aged 6-36 months of life. This study was conducted at the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Brazil. A total of 143 children were selected (73 male, 70 female), all of whom had at least two erupted teeth. The children were distributed as follows: 88 had cleft lip and palate, 35 had cleft palate, 20 had cleft lip. Dental caries disease was diagnosed according to criteria set by the World Health Organization. It was observed that 18.9% of the study children had caries. No correlation between prevalence of caries and gender or type of cleft was observed. Mean dmf-t was 0.47. The prevalence of caries was higher in the upper arch, and the most affected tooth was the central incisor (p=0.001). Children with cleft lip and∕or palate did not have high caries indices.

A teoria na prática: proposta de curriculum frente às diretrizes curriculares nacionais do curso de graduação em Odontologia / Theory in practice: curriculum proposal in front of the national curriculum guidelines for graduation courses in dentistry

Introdução: o ensino superior brasileiro em Odontologia apresenta duas realidades distintas: o aluno que se intenta formar e aquele que efetivamente se forma. Essa dualidade ocorre pelas necessidades do mercado, pelos interesses comerciais das universidades privadas e outros fatores, enquanto as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia apontam em outra direção. Objetivo: explanar sobre as diretrizes curriculares nacionais do curso de graduação em Odontologia mostrando as disciplinas e propostas do curso. Metodologia: a explanação sobre as diretrizes e as propostas será dada por meio da comparação da resolução CNE/CES, de 19 de fevereiro de 2002, com o projeto pedagógico da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. A escolha desta faculdades e deu pela sua tradição, pelo número de docentes com linhas de pesquisa que se destacam no cenário odontológico nacional, e, por ser uma universidade pública situada em um centro reconhecidamente de maior poder econômico. Conclusão: o projeto apresentado mostra-se adequado quando comparado com a resolução do Conselho Nacional de Educação.

Introduction: higher education in Brazil in Dentistry presents two distinct realities: the student who intends to form and one that effectively builds. This duality occurs by market needs, the commercial interests of private universities and other factors such as the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Dental point in another direction. Aim: this paper seeks to explain about the national curriculum guidelines for the graduation course in Dentistry shown their disciplines and proposals for the graduation course in Dentistry. Methodology: the explanation of the guidelines and proposals will be given by comparing the Resolution CNE/CES, of 19 February 2002, with the pedagogical dental school in Brazil, the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The choice of this option is given by tradition, by the number of professors, with research areas that stand out in the dental setting and being a national public university located in a recognized center of greater economic power. Conclusion: the project presented is appropriate when compared to the National Education Council resolution.

Estudo prospectivo da utilização do aloe vera nas afecções da cavidade anoftálmica em portadores de prótese ocular / Prospective study on the use of aloe vera in anoftalmic cavity with ocular prothesis

Introdução: uma das queixas apresentadas por pacientes portadores de prótese ocular é o desconforto, causado pela presença de secreção contaminada na cavidade anoftálmica. Objetivo: o intuito de minimizar este quadro e, baseados em estudos sobre os efeitos e propriedades antiinflamatórias, antibióticas e analgésicas do Aloe vera, os autores propõem, através de um estudo prospectivo, a análise da ação deste fitoterápico. Metodologia: foram selecionados 30 pacientes portadores de prótese ocular apresentando inflamação, exsudato, dor e/ou desconforto, não usuários de qualquer tipode medicamento tópico. Receberam um frasco conta gotas contendo Aloe vera, diluído em soro fisiológico na proporção de 1:1, devendo aplicar 2 gotas, 3 vezes ao dia durante 4 semanas; comparecendo ao Ambulatório de Prótese Buco Maxilo Facial da FOUSP para avaliação semanal. Foi aplicado um questionário auto-afirmativo em que os participantes da pesquisa avaliaram sua melhora atribuindo nota de 0 a 10.Resultado: observou-se que 93,3% dos pacientes obtiveram melhora com eliminação da secreção e inflamação e destes, 46,6% relataram melhora já na segunda semana;6,6% não conseguiram concluir a pesquisa por motivos diversos. Conclusão: foi observado que a aplicação do Aloe vera, quando seguida a recomendação, demonstrou ser eficaz no controle das afecções da cavidade anoftálmica.

Introduction: one of the complaints made by patients with ocular prosthesis is the discomfort caused by the presence of infected secretions in the patients. Aim: in order to minimize this framework and based on studies of the effects and anti-inflammatory properties, antibiotic and analgesic properties of Aloe vera, the authors propose, through a prospective study, the analysis of action of this herbal medicine.Methodology: it was selected 30 patients with ocular prosthesis showing inflammation, exudate, pain or discomfort, not users of any type of medicine topic. Received a dropper bottle containing Aloe vera, diluted in saline at a ratio of 1:1, and apply 2 drops, 3 times daily for 4 weeks, attending the Clinic of Maxillofacial Prosthesis FOUSP for the weekly evaluation. It was applied a self-administered so that the research participants rated their improvement by assigning a score from0 to 10. Results: it was observed that 93.3% of patients improved with the elimination of inflammation and secretion of these, 46.6% reported improvement in the second week, 6.6% could not complete the study for various reasons. Conclusion: the application of Aloe vera, when followed the recommendation has proved effective in controlling diseases of the patients.

Universidade: gestão, história e reflexão / University: management, history and reflection

A Constituição Brasileira define autonomia das universidades como sendo o poder de gozar de autonomia did-atico-científica, administrativa e de gestões financeira e patrimonial, obedecendo ao princípio de indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Porém, nos últimos anos, reformas estruturais, ditas neoliberais, implantadas pelo governo nas universidades vêm diminuindo gradativamente a autonomia universitária. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o assunto em questão como uma maneira de compreender os limites da liberdade de gestão das universidades. Concluiu-se que a autonomia universitária encontra obstáculos diante do autoritarismo estatal, os quais devem ser minimizados pela gestão dos próprios institutos de ensino superior.

Occurrence of nail biting among athletes in grassroots football / Ocorrência de onicofagia entre atletas de futebol de base

Introduction: Nail biting is related to a high degree of anxiety and low self-esteem and has various repercussions. Objective: The presente study aimed to detect the occurrence of nail biting among athletes of football (soccer) in order to determine possible causes of muscle imbalance, headaches, discomfort and stress that compromise athletic performance and indicate psychological problems and an inability to cope with pressure during training and games. Methods:The present study was carried out at the São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo, Brazil, involving 64 athletes of football between 13 and 20 years of age. They were interviewed and clinically visually examined for the detection of the occurrence of nail biting. Results: Among the 64 athletes interviewed and examined, 47 (73.5 %) had the habit of nail biting. Discussion: Malocclusion is the most frequente result of finger sucking and nail biting, especially when these habits are prolonged. Parafunctional activities can overload the masticatory system. Nail biting can affect the performance of an athlete in terms of dental aspects, with the presence of temporomandibular disorder and malocclusion, as well as in psychological terms, demonstrating insecurity and an excess of demands. Conclusion: Based on the present study, planning strategies, multidisciplinary intervention and the organization of educational lectures are being adopted to discuss the harmful repercussions of this habit for athletes, trainers and other professionals involved in grassroots football.

Introdução: A onicofagia é relacionada a um alto grau de ansiedade e baixa auto-estima e apresenta diferentes repercussões no organismo, representa uma atividade parafuncional. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de onicofagia entre os atletas de futebol de campo, a fim de determinar as possíveis causas de desequilíbrio muscular, dores de cabeça, desconforto e estresse que prejudicam o desempenho do atleta e indicam problemas psicológicos e uma incapacidade de lidar com a pressão durante o treino e competições. Métodos: O presente estudo foi realizado no São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo, Brasil, envolvendo 64 atletas de futebol entre 13 e 20 anos de idade. Eles foram entrevistados e clinicamente examinadas visualmente para a detecção da ocorrência de roer as unhas. Resultados: Entre os 64 atletas entrevistados e examinados, 47 (73,5 %) tinha o hábito de roer as unhas. Discussão: Má oclusão é o resultado mais frequente de sucção de polegar e onicofagia, especialmente quando esses hábitos acompanham o indivíduo por um longo prazo. Atividades parafuncionais podem sobrecarregar o sistema mastigatório. A onicofagia pode afetar o desempenho de um atleta tanto em aspectos odontológicos, com a presença de disfunção temporomandibular e a má oclusão, bem como em termos psicológicos como insegurança, demonstrando um excesso de demandas. O objetivo foi chamar a atenção para este mau hábito oral, o que prejudica o condicionamento físico e psicológico necessário para a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios. Conclusão: Com base no estudo, estratégias de planejamento, intervenção multidisciplinar e da organização de palestras educativas estão sendo adotadas para discutir as repercussões nocivas deste hábito para atletas, treinadores e outros profissionais envolvidos no futebol de formação.

Avaliação da abertura bucal em pacientessubmetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço / Evaluation of mouth opening in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy

A radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço quando direcionada à articulaçãotemporomandibular e músculos da mastigação, pode provocar sequelas como redução daamplitude de abertura bucal e trismo, que, muitas vezes, pode ser irreversível.Objetivo: comparar a amplitude de abertura bucal, antes e após a radioterapia da regiãode cabeça e pescoço.Metodologia: foram selecionados 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de tumores malignos decabeça e pescoço para serem submetidos à mensuração da abertura bucal 30 dias antes daradioterapia, e 90 dias após. Também foram observadas as características gerais comotipo histológico do tumor e dose de radioterapia.Resultados: a idade média da amostra foi de 58 anos, sendo que 80,76% eram do sexomasculino e 19,24% do feminino. Na primeira avaliação encontrou‐se limitação deabertura bucal (35,08±8,74), e 90 dias após a radioterapia houve aumento da limitação deabertura bucal (31,5±10,42), porém, sem mostrar significância estatística (p≤0,061).Conclusão: não houve agravamento da limitação de abertura bucal após três meses deradioterapia...

When temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication are in the fieldof radiation, trismus and restriction of mouth opening are common and often irreversiblesequelae.Aim: compare mouth opening before and after head and neck radiotherapy.Methodology: thirty patients with head and neck malignant tumors were chosen to havetheir mouth opening measured 30 days before and 90 days after radiotherapy. Generalcharacteristics as histological type of the tumor and radiotherapy dose were alsoevaluated.Results: the mean age of the sample was 58 years, 21 subjects (80.76%) were male, and 5(19.24%) were female. At the first evaluation, we found mouth opening restriction(35.08±8.74) and ninety days after radiotherapy the mouth opening increased (31.5±10.42),but without statistical significance (p≤0.061).Conclusion: the mouth opening did not worse after 3 months of radiotherapy...

Análise do programa INCLUSP através do desempenho escolar, visando disciplinas básicas e específicas / Analysis of Inclusp program through school performance seeking basic and specific subjects

Com a grande evolução tecnológica através do conhecimento e desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico, hoje já é possível o ensino à distância em qualquer parte do mundo sob os mais diversos aspectos e metodologias de ensino. Visando a inclusão social de alunos menos favorecidos diversos programas vêm sendo desenvolvidos pelo governo associado às instituições de rede pública ou privada. A Universidade de São Paulo lançou em 2006 o programa INCLUSP, o qual visa ampliar o número de estudantes provenientes de escola pública à Universidade. O aluno que fez todo seu ensino médio em rede pública pode obter inscrição gratuita para o vestibular; somar até três pontos de bônus à nota, dependendo de outras avaliações (ENEM e PASUSP); após o ingresso pode contar com bolsa de apoio e incentivo para auxiliar sua permanência durante os estudos. Visto que no curso de Odontologia, as disciplinas chamadas básicas dadas no início do curso podem diferir das disciplinas ditas específicas em Odontologia dadas após cumprimento dos créditos básicos, seria viável estabelecer a relação de desempenho entre as disciplinas de diferentes naturezas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução dos primeiros alunos ingressantes pelo programa, levando-se em consideração as disciplinas básicas e específicas; além de fazer uma comparação entre os ingressantes pelo programa INCLUSP e pelo vestibular tradicional em 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010 durante seu primeiro semestre de curso. Concluiu-se que o desempenho de alunos ingressantes pelo programa INCLUSP e pelo vestibular tradicional nos anos de 2007 a 2010 foram similares, e a comparação entre disciplinas básicas e específicas dos ingressantes INCLUSP 2007 mostrou que somente o curso integral obteve diferença entre as disciplinas.

With the great technological development through knowledge and logical thinking, nowadays it is possible distance learning anywhere in the world under various aspects and teaching methodologies. Aimed at social inclusion of disadvantaged students several programs have been developed by government institutions associated with public or private network. The University of São Paulo launched in 2006 INCLUSP program, which aims to expand the number of students from public school to the university. The student who attended high school in public schools can obtain free registration for the entrance exam, adding up to three bonus points to note, depending on other reviews (ENEM and PASUSP) after admission he/she may have scholarship support and encouragement to help him/her permanence during the studies. Since at the dental clinic, the subjects given known as basic early in the course may differ from specific disciplines called Dental given after completion of the basic claims, it would be feasible to establish the relationship between the performance of different natures of these disciplines. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the first students entering the program, taking basic and specific disciplines into account; besides making a comparison between the freshman classes through INCLUSP or traditional admissiom examination on 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 during their first semester courses. It was concluded that the performance of students entering through INCLUSP program and traditional "vestibular"(admissiom examination) in the years 2007 to 2010 were similar, and the comparison between basic and specific disciplines of the INCLUSP 2007 students showed that just full time course had difference between the disciplines.

Uso de prótese ocular expansora em criança com perda de globo ocular: caso clínico / Use of expander eye prosthesis in children with eye loss: clinical case

A perda ocular apresenta etiologia congênita ou adquirida, devido a traumas ou patologias. A prevenção e/ou intervenção precoce minimiza seqüelas e os distúrbios de crescimento orbital. A reabilitação, na instalação de uma prótese ocular, visa favorecer o desenvolvimento harmonioso da região. grande incidência das perdas do globo ocular em crianças de 0 a 11 anos é por trauma.Relato do caso: em alguns casos, onde o intervalo entre a cirurgia e a reabilitação protética é prolongada a cavidade orbital apresenta-se atrésica, não permitindo a reabilitação imediata através de prótese ocular individualizada. Nestes casos é indicada uma prótese expansora a fim de devolver o volume necessário para uma perfeita reabilitação. Este trabalho apresenta tal técnica através de um caso clínico.Conclusão: é importante frisar que a boa condução do caso clínico permite crescimento e desenvolvimento normal dos pacientes acometidos...

The eye loss has congenital or acquired etiology due to trauma or diseases. The prevention or early intervention minimizes sequelae and disturbances in orbital growth. Rehabilitation in the installation of an ocular prosthesis intends to promote the harmonious development of the region, the higher incidence of eye losses in children from 0 to 11 years is due to trauma.Case report: in some cases, where the interval between surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation is prolonged orbital cavity becomes atresic, not allowing immediate rehabilitation through individualized prosthesis. In these cases a prosthetic expander is recommended in order to obtain the volume needed for a full rehabilitation.Conclusion: this paper presents such technique on a clinical case. It is important to highlight that a proper conduction of the clinical case allows normal growth and development of affected patients...

Prevalence of malocclusions in the 13-20-year-old categories of football athletes

The dentist can offer athletes improvement in their physical performance through the maintenance of oral health, preventing and treating any and all changes in the stomatognathic system, such as dental malocclusions, that compromise the athletes' performance. The objective of this study is to research the presence of dental malocclusions in athletes of the category between 13 and 20 years of age, from the São Paulo Football Club. 84 athletes participated in this study, dealing with the following topics: molar relation (Angle's classification); presence of overbite; underbite; overcrowding; abnormal spacing; open bite; and anterior, posterior, bilateral and unilateral crossbite; midline deviation and facial type (mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial). Only one table was made, showing percentages. In regard to Angle's molar relation, 89 percent are in Class I, 8 percent in Class II, 3 percent Class III, 9 percent of the athletes had overbite, 4 percent had underbite, 13 percent had overcrowding and 21 percent had abnormal spacing. In regard to the bite, 11 percent presented anterior open bite. In regard to crossbite, 7 percent presented unilateral crossbite on the right side and 2 percent on the left side; 5 percent presented posterior crossbite and 4 percent anterior crossbite. In regard to midline deviations, 4 percent presented deviation in the maxilla and 33 percent in the mandible. In regard to facial type: 39 percent are dolichofacial, 4 percent brachyfacial and 57 percent mesofacial. Based on the results shown, proposals for the implementation of dental, phoniatric, and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) practices are already being discussed with the multidisciplinary team of the club involved.

Fraturas nasais em esportes: sua ocorrência e importância / Nasal fracture in sports: its occurrence and importance

Introdução: O aumento do número de participantes nas mais variadas modalidades desportivas e de praticantes em recinto fechado trouxe também um aumento significativo de traumas orofaciais nos esportes, principalmente fraturas nasais, que ocupam o terceiro lugar em ocorrência em todas as modalidades desportivas. Objetivo e revisão de literatura: Trazer conhecimento das causas, da ocorrência e da importância da fratura nasal no esporte, já que é de responsabilidade do cirurgião-dentista confeccionar meios de proteção bucomaxilofaciais nos esportes, área em que a Odontologia do Esporte vem se sedimentando. Conclusão: Um afastamento prolongado do atleta acarreta a ele grande prejuízo físico e psicológico, assim como prejuízo financeiro para seu clube. Deve-se ter atenção para meios de proteção para o atleta.

Introduction: The increasing number of participants in various sports, mainly those practiced indoors, brought a significant increase of orofacial injuries in sports, especially nasal fractures, which rank third in incidence in all sports. Objective and literature review: To study the causes, occurrence and importance of nasal fracture in sports, as providing ways of protecting the maxillofacial area in sports is the responsibility of the dentist, area in which Sports Dentistry is establishing itself. Conclusion: A long athlete withdrawal carries great physical and psychological damage, as well as financial loss to his club. Attention in providing ways of protection for the athlete is required.

Photoelastic stress analysis surrounding implant-supported prosthesis and alveolar ridge on mandibular overdentures.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the maximum stress around osseointegrated implants and alveolar ridge, in a mandible with left partial resection through a photoelastic mandibular model. The first group consisted of two implants: traditional model (T), implants placed in the position of both canines; fulcrum model (F), implants placed in the position of left canine CL and right lateral incisor LiR. Both models linked through a bar and clips. The second group was consisted of three implants, with implants placed in the position of both canines (CR and CL) and the right lateral incisor (LiR), which composed four groups: (1) model with 3 "O" rings, (2) model 2 ERAs, bar with clips, (3) model 2 ERAs bar without clips; (4) model "O" ring bar and ERA. An axial and an oblique load of 6.8 kgf was applied on a overdenture at the 1st Pm, 2nd Pm, and 1st M. Results showed that the area around the left canine (CL) was practically free of stress; the left lateral incisor (LiL) developed only small tensions, and low stress in all the other cases; the right canine tooth suffered the largest concentrations of stress, mainly with the ERA retention mechanism.